Semaphorin3A, associated with perineuronal nets, regulates the development of the maturation of the central vestibular circuitry

Poster Presentation - Theme 5: NeuroscienceDuring the formative period of neural circuits, perineuronal nets (PN) are established to restrict plasticity of the circuit. The role of PN in vestibular plasticity can be tested by studying the emergence of negative geotaxis with postnatal maturation of the vestibular circuitry for gravity detection. Using rats as model, we observed that negative geotaxis was mature by postnatal day (P) 9, in correlation with consolidation of PN around GABAergic neurons …postprin

Perineuronal chondroitin sulfates and semaphorin 3A regulate postnatal maturation of the vestibular circuit for gravity detection

Conference Theme: The Extracellular Matrix NichePoster Presentation: abstract no. P30Perineuronal chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan networks are implicated in restricting plasticity of the mature CNS. Less is known of the impact of ligands associated with the perineuronal network (PN) in the formative period of neural circuits. The emergence of negative geotaxis with postnatal maturation of the vestibular circuitry for gravity detection offers a behavioral readout in tests for roles of the PN and associated ligands in vestibular plasticity. Using postnatal rats as model, we found that negative geotaxis was mature by postnatal day (P) 9, in correlation with ...postprin

Physicochemical and sensory properties of pawpaw (Carica papaya Linn) flavoured yoghurt

Flavoured yoghurts are widely produced by using synthetic flavourings in Cameroon.However, the addition of fruits to yoghurt will impart natural flavours as well ascontribute to the welfare of consumers by enhancing the nutritive and the functionalproperties of the yoghurt. This study was, therefore, aimed at evaluating thephysicochemical and sensory properties of pawpaw (Carica papaya L.) flavouredyoghurt. Yoghurt was produced with the incorporation of pawpaw puree at four levels:0% (P0 as control), 5% (P1), 10% (P2) and 15% (P3). The yoghurt samples weresubmitted to some physicochemical analysis (pH, titratable acidity, dry matter,moisture content, fat content, Solid-Non-Fat (SNF), sugar content and viscosity) ondays 0, 7, 14, and 21 of storage. The sensory characteristics assessed by an untrainedpanel of 30 members were: flavour, colour, taste and texture. The pH of P0 (5.01±0.04)and P3(4.99±0.04) and also the fat content of P0 (3.4±0.17%) were significantly(P≤0.05) higher compared to other samples. There was a reduction of fat content inyoghurt with an increase of pawpaw puree. Sugar content, SNF and viscosity ofyoghurt increased significantly (P≤0.05) with addition of pawpaw puree. Meanwhile,dry matter and titratable acidity were not significantly (P≥0.05) affected. The titratableacidity of yoghurt P0 and P3 significantly (P≤0.05) increased up to day seven of storagewhile pH was decreasing. From days 14 to 21, yoghurt P2 and yoghurts P2 and P3 didnot present significant (P≥0.05) decrease of titratable acidity and pH, respectively. Thefat content of P0 and P1, reduced significantly (P≤0.05) the first week and the secondweeks of storage, respectively, and then remained comparable (P≥0.05) to the end ofthe storage period. There was no significant (P≥0.05) difference in sensory propertiesof all the yoghurt treatments. In conclusion, the use of pawpaw to flavour yoghurt didnot negatively affect the yoghurt properties; therefore, pawpaw flavoured yoghurt canbe recommended for consumption.Keys words: Flavoured yoghurt, pawpaw puree, physicochemical properties, storage,sensory propertie

The use of enoxaparin in Chinese patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: observations on safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics from a pilot study

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Gauge fields in (A)dS within the unfolded approach: algebraic aspects

It has recently been shown that generalized connections of the (A)dS space symmetry algebra provide an effective geometric and algebraic framework for all types of gauge fields in (A)dS, both for massless and partially-massless. The equations of motion are equipped with a nilpotent operator called $\sigma_-$ whose cohomology groups correspond to the dynamically relevant quantities like differential gauge parameters, dynamical fields, gauge invariant field equations, Bianchi identities etc. In the paper the $\sigma_-$-cohomology is computed for all gauge theories of this type and the field-theoretical interpretation is discussed. In the simplest cases the $\sigma_-$-cohomology is equivalent to the ordinary Lie algebra cohomology.Comment: 59 pages, replaced with revised verio

Changes in midbrain pain receptor expression, gait and behavioral sensitivity in a rat model of radiculopathy.

Intervertebral disc herniation may contribute to inflammatory processes that associate with radicular pain and motor deficits. Molecular changes at the affected dorsal root ganglion (DRG), spinal cord, and even midbrain, have been documented in rat models of radiculopathy or nerve injury. The objective of this study was to evaluate gait and the expression of key pain receptors in the midbrain in a rodent model of radiculopathy. Radiculopathy was induced by harvesting tail nucleus pulposus (NP) and placing upon the right L5 DRG in rats (NP-treated, n=12). Tail NP was discarded in sham-operated animals (n=12). Mechanical allodynia, weight-bearing, and gait were evaluated in all animals over time. At 1 and 4 weeks after surgery, astrocyte and microglial activation was tested in DRG sections. Midbrain sections were similarly evaluated for immunoreactivity to serotonin (5HT(2B)), mu-opioid (µ-OR), and metabotropic glutamate (mGluR4 and 5) receptor antibodies. NP-treated animals placed less weight on the affected limb 1 week after surgery and experienced mechanical hypersensitivity over the duration of the study. Astroctye activation was observed at DRGs only at 4 weeks after surgery. Findings for pain receptors in the midbrain of NP-treated rats included an increased expression of 5HT(2B) at 1, but not 4 weeks; increased expression of µ-OR and mGluR5 at 1 and 4 weeks (periaqueductal gray region only); and no changes in expression of mGluR4 at any point in this study. These observations provide support for the hypothesis that the midbrain responds to DRG injury with a transient change in receptors regulating pain responses

Protocol for a systematic review and thematic synthesis of patient experiences of central venous access devices in anti-cancer treatment

Background: Three types of central venous access devices (CVADs)—peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs), skin-tunnelled central catheters (Hickman-type devices), and implantable chest wall Ports (Ports)—are routinely used in the intravenous administration of anti-cancer treatment. These devices avoid the need for peripheral cannulation and allow for home delivery of treatment. Assessments of these devices have tended to focus on medical and economic factors, but there is increased interest in the importance of patient experiences and perspectives in this area. The aim of this systematic review is to synthesise existing research regarding patient experiences of these CVADs to help clinicians guide, prepare, and support patients receiving CVADs for the administration of anti-cancer treatment. Method: A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL research databases will be carried out along with a supplementary reference list search. This review will include quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies published in peer-review journals, reporting some aspect(s) of patient experiences or perspectives regarding the use of PICC, Hickman, or Port CVADs for the administration of anti-cancer drugs. The methodological quality and risk of bias of included papers will be assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Relevant outcome data will be extracted from included studies and analysed using a thematic synthesis approach. Discussion: The results section of the review will comprise thematic synthesis of quantitative studies, thematic synthesis of qualitative studies, and the aggregation of the two. Results will aim to offer an account of current understandings of patient experiences and perspective regarding PICC, Hickman-type, and Port devices in the context of anti-cancer treatment. Confidence in cumulative evidence will be assessed using the Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (CERQual) approach